It's no surprise St. Patrick's Day 2021 will again be toned down in Chicago amid … As part of a more than fifty-year-old Chicago tradition, the Chicago River is dyed green in observance of St. Patrick's Day. [71] These bridges are of several different types, including trunnion bascule, Scherzer rolling lift, swing bridges, and vertical lift bridges. … [35] The river turns to the southwest at Ping Tom Memorial Park where it passes under the Chicago Landmark Canal Street railroad bridge. Crews on boats began dumping green dye into The Chicago River on Saturday, March 13, 2021 in Chicago. [73] There are concerns that silver carp and bighead carp, now invasive species in the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers, may reach the Great Lakes through the Chicago River. Your Ad Choices The plans reflect ideas first proposed by the Burnham Plan as early as 1909. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. Your California Privacy Rights The Chicago river after getting dyed green on March 13, 2021. Illinois State Geological Survey GeoScience Education Series 14. [70] Today, the Chicago River has 38 movable bridges spanning it, down from a peak of 52 bridges. The Middle Fork arises near Rondout, Illinois and flows southwards through Lake Forest and Highland Park. [6] Before this time, the Chicago River was known by many local residents of Chicago as "the stinking river" because of the massive amounts of sewage and pollution that poured into the river from Chicago's booming industrial economy. These two tributaries merge at Watersmeet Woods west of Wilmette. Turning Basin, the west bank of which was the starting point of the Illinois and Michigan Canal. The United States Geological Survey monitors water flow at a number of sites in the Chicago River system. The city of Chicago is allowed to remove 3,200 cubic feet per second (91 m3/s) of water from the Great Lakes system; about half of this, 1 billion US gallons per day (44 m3/s), is sent down the Chicago River, while the rest is used for drinking water. The event is traditionally held the Saturday before St. Patrick’s Day. [5] Chicago's raw sewage in the river is normally carried upstream toward the Mississippi River which flows south towards the Gulf of Mexico. Chicago River dyed green in surprise move to mark St. Patrick’s Day Share By: Bob D'Angelo, Cox Media Group National Content Desk Updated: March 14, 2021 - 11:15 AM Chicago dyes river green amid toned down St. Patrick's Day Krispy Kreme doughnuts go green for St. Patrick's Day This band of bagpipers has sham-rocked Chicago for nearly a century The actual event does not necessarily occur on St. Patrick's Day and is scheduled for the Saturday before March 17, unless the 17th falls on a Saturday (when the event takes place on St. Patrick's Day). At Ashland Avenue the river widens to form the U.S. [4] In 2012 Lake Michigan-Huron's seasonal rise was about 4 inches where it usually is about 12 inches. On April 13, 1992, a flood occurred when a pile driven into the riverbed caused stress fractures in the wall of a long-abandoned tunnel of the Chicago Tunnel Company near the Kinzie Street railroad bridge. Scott Olson/Getty Images [55] The initial entrance through the sandbar was 200 feet (61 m) wide and 3 to 7 feet (0.91 to 2.13 m) deep, flanked by piers 200 feet (61 m) long on the south wall and 700 feet (210 m) long to the north. As part of a more than fifty-year-old Chicago tradition, the Chicago River is dyed green in observance of St. Patrick's Day. As the ice and water retreated, a short 12-to-14-foot (3.7 to 4.3 m) ridge was exposed about a mile inland, which generally separated the Great Lakes' watershed from the Mississippi Valley, except in times of heavy precipitation or when winter ice flows prevented drainage. [77] The actual event does not necessarily occur on St. Patrick's Day and is scheduled for the Saturday before March 17, unless the 17th falls on a Saturday (when the event takes place on St. Patrick's Day). Thanks for contacting us. [n 1][51] This was followed by the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis and Treaty of Chicago, which ceded additional land in the Chicago area. CHICAGO (WLS) -- The Chicago River is, once again, glowing green! The financially strained Packers are making it work. Water levels in the lake started to level off with the river and sewage was visible at the cusp of the locks, just a few hundred feet from Lake Michigan. [15] South of Highland Park the river passes the Chicago Botanic Gardens and through an area of former marshlands known as the Skokie Lagoons. [2] Though not especially long, the river is notable because it is one of the reasons for Chicago's geographic importance: the related Chicago Portage is a link between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River Basin, and ultimately the Gulf of Mexico. [76], Near the mouth of the Chicago River c. late 1800s, Mouth of the river in the early 20th century. [78] The dyeing of the river is still sponsored by the local plumbers union. [62] Starting in 1848, much of the Chicago River's flow was also diverted across the Chicago Portage into the Illinois and Michigan Canal. [27] From Goose Island the North Branch continues to flow south east to Wolf Point where it joins the main stem. In 1887, the Illinois General Assembly decided to reverse the flow of the Chicago River through civil engineering by taking water from Lake Michigan and discharging it into the Mississippi River watershed, partly in response to concerns created by an extreme weather event in 1885 that threatened the city's water supply. CHICAGO — The City of Chicago dyed the Chicago River green on Saturday to honor its long standing St. Patrick’s Day tradition, but this time, there was be no crowd gathered to watch. [91], System of rivers and canals running through the city of Chicago, Map of river and flow directions, before and after re-engineering flow via the canal system. This story has been shared 259,535 times. "[85], The river dyed green for Saint Patrick's Day, The river dyed blue during the Chicago Cubs' 2016 World Series celebration, The southwest bridgehouse of the DuSable Bridge (Michigan Avenue) serves as a museum on the river, its history, its challenges, and its renaissance. In 1915, the SS Eastland, an excursion boat docked at the Clark Street bridge, rolled over, killing 844 passengers. But deep below, near the riverbed, water seasonally travels west to east, toward the lake. On Saturday morning the river was dyed its iconic shade of shamrock green in honor of St. Patrick’s Day. [84] Friends of the Chicago River executive director Margaret Frisbie told the Chicago Sun-Times, "We do not want to set a precedent where, every time we want to celebrate, we dye the river a different color and potentially hurt the aquatic life that lives in it. Antoine Ouilmette claimed to have arrived in Chicago shortly after this in July 1790. [66] In late 2005, the Chicago-based Alliance for the Great Lakes proposed re-separating the Great Lakes and Mississippi River basins to address such ecological concerns as the spread of invasive species.[67]. Visitors are also allowed to access the bridge's gear room; during the spring and fall bridge lifting visitors can see the bridge gears in operation as the leaves are raised and lowered. Most of the 60-mile (97 km) network of underground freight railway, which encompasses much of downtown, was eventually flooded, along with the lower levels of buildings it once serviced and attached underground shops and pedestrian ways. The river turns slightly to the south west between Michigan Avenue and State Street, passing the Trump International Hotel and Tower, 35 East Wacker, and 330 North Wabash. Killey, Myrna M. 1998. [7] Its three branches serve as the inspiration for the Municipal Device,[8][9][10] a three-branched, Y-shaped symbol that is found on many buildings and other structures throughout Chicago. Since the early 2000s, the south shore of the main stem has been developed as the Chicago Riverwalk. [38] The river continues to the south west, entering the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal at Damen Avenue. Mayor Lori Lightfoot reversed an earlier decision not … One of the world’s most famous St. Patrick’s Day events, the annual Chicago River dyeing is a beloved tradition by generations of Chicagoans that dates back over half a century. The North Branch Canal—or Ogden's Canal—was completed in 1857, and was originally 50 feet (15 m) wide and 10 feet (3.0 m) deep allowing craft navigating the river to avoid the bend. It might be closer than you think", "Other cities dye-ing to know what turns Chicago River green", "The Man Who Dyed the River Green: Stephen M. Bailey", "Is the dye in the Chicago River really green? Pro Bowl... A group takes a selfie in front of the green Chicago River on March 13, 2021. [3] From the confluence with the North Shore Channel south to Belmont Avenue the North Branch flows through mostly residential neighborhoods in a man-made channel that was dug to straighten and deepen the river, helping it to carry the additional flow from the North Shore Channel.[22]. [61] By the time Europeans arrived, the Chicago River flowed sluggishly into Lake Michigan from Chicago's flat plain. If the lake level falls too low threatening to reverse the river flow, the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago would be forced to close locks between the lake and river for longer periods of time, limiting navigation. Today, some 400,000 spectators gather to watch the river’s annual transformation before Chicago’s St. Patrick’s Day festivities kick off. Chicago River Dyed Green In Scaled-Back St. Patrick’s Day Celebrations By CBS 2 Chicago Staff March 13, 2021 at 8:01 am Filed Under: Chicago River , COVID-19 , St. Patrick's Day The Chicago River Museum sells tickets", "Continuing Drought Could Lead To Reversal of Chicago River Flow", "MWRD: Not possible for Chicago River to reverse on its own due to low lake level", "Drought won't affect Chicago River much after all", "Lake Huron, Lake Michigan hit lowest water levels on record", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicago_River&oldid=1012008408, Articles with dead external links from September 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 14 March 2021, at 02:25. The first non-native to re-settle in the area may have been a trader named Guillory, who might have had a trading post near Wolf Point on the Chicago River in around 1778. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}41°53′11″N 87°38′15″W / 41.88639°N 87.63750°W / 41.88639; -87.63750. Z-2, Spanning North Branch Canal at North Cherry Avenue, Chicago, Cook County, IL", "Chicago Landmarks: Individual Landmarks and Landmark Districts designated as of January 1, 2008", 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1356), "Title 33 of the Code of Federal Regulations 207.420", "Water Supply Planning in the Chicago Metropolitan Region", "Chicago River & North Shore Channel River Corridors & Wilmette Harbor", "Annual statistics for USGS 05536118 North Branch of Chicago River at Grand Avenue at Chicago, IL", "Density currents in the Chicago River: Characterization, effects on water quality, and potential sources", "Annual statistics for USGS 05536123 Chicago River at Columbus Drive at Chicago, IL", "Ramping up: Chicago by any other name would smell as sweet", "Chicago: Meaning of the Name and Location of Pre-1800 European Settlements", "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Illinois and Michigan Canal", "Did 90,000 people die of typhoid fever and cholera in Chicago in 1885? The Chicago River dyed green for St. Patrick's Day. [5], The same report noted that the low Great Lakes levels were drought-induced, caused by a very hot, dry summer and a lack of a solid snowpack in the winter of 2012. It is a rare example of an asymmetric bob-tail swing bridge[26] and was designated a Chicago Landmark in 2007. [49], In 1795, in a then minor part of the Treaty of Greenville, an Indian confederation granted treaty rights to the United States, to a parcel of land at the mouth of the "Chicago River". While Chicago’s public gathering restrictions are still in place, Dallas revelers are already gathering to celebrate Ireland and freedom. As Chicago grew, this allowed sewage and other pollution into the clean-water source for the city, contributing to several public health problems, like typhoid fever. [5] Historic lake levels for Lake Michigan reported from 1918 to 1998 show that the low levels observed in 1964 were the lowest since 1918. The McCormick Bridgehouse & Chicago River Museum is a 5-floor, 1,613-square-foot (149.9 m2) museum that opened on June 10, 2006; it is named for Robert R. McCormick, formerly owner of the Chicago Tribune and president of the Chicago Sanitary District. [68] Many of the passengers were trapped by moving objects such as pianos and tables. [25] The 1902 Cherry Avenue Bridge, just south of North Avenue, was constructed to carry the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway onto Goose Island. It is run by the Friends of the Chicago River, a non-profit environmental organization. Mayor Lori Lightfoot's office announced early Saturday morning that the Chicago River would be dyed green amid toned down 2021 St. Patrick's Day celebrations. LIZ NAGY: And St. Patrick's Day will now kind of always serve as a marker. [55] These channels rapidly clogged with sand requiring a new one to be cut. The Chicago River has been dyed bright green in celebration of St Patrick’s Day in a surprise decision reversal by the city’s mayor. “We’re happy that Mayor Lightfoot decided to continue with this tradition because we truly missed it last year, as a lot of other things in 2020,” local Lori Jones, 59, told the Chicago Tribune. The Robert R. McCormick Foundation was the major donor that helped meet the $950,000 cost to open the museum. [79], The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) outlawed the use of fluorescein for this purpose, since it was shown to be harmful to the river. Plus, all brunch entrees come with a cocktail, like the spiked mezcal hot chocolate. [33] On the south bank of the river is the site of Fort Dearborn, an army fort, first established in 1803. Notable buildings surrounding this area include the NBC Tower, the Tribune Tower, and the Wrigley Building. [48] The earliest known record of Pointe du Sable living in Chicago is the diary of Hugh Heward, who made a journey through Illinois in the spring of 1790. [86] In October of 2019, Chicago Tribune cultural arts writer Steve Johnson profiled the museum, calling its gear room where the DuSable Bridge mechanics can be viewed "a little chamber of heaven for infrastructure nerds". Notable buildings that line this stretch of the river include the Boeing Company World Headquarters, the Civic Opera House, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Union Station and Willis Tower. South of Belmont the North Branch is lined with a mixture of residential developments, retail parks, and industry until it reaches the industrial area known as the Clybourn Corridor. [82], In 2009 First Lady Michelle Obama, a Chicago native, requested that the White House fountains be dyed green to celebrate St. Patrick's Day. Letter from Antoine Ouilmette to John H. Kinzie dated June 1, 1839, reproduced in, Journal of Lieutenant James Strode Swearingen reproduced in. [3] In 1889, the Illinois General Assembly created the Chicago Sanitary District (now The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District) to replace the Illinois and Michigan Canal with the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, a much larger waterway, because the former had become inadequate to serve the city's increasing sewage and commercial navigation needs. Credit: Colin Boyle/ Block Club Chicago After announcing earlier this month that the river wouldn’t be dyed green for St. Patrick’s Day for a second straight year, the river was dyed Kelly green early Saturday morning, March 13, 2021, ahead of St. Patrick’s Day. The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District, Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Illinois, How the Chicago District has 'weathered' recent storm events, "The Chicago Municipal Device (Y-Shaped Figure)", "Chicago's municipal device: The city's symbol lurking in plain sight", "Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, Bridge No. The city has been turning its river into something more akin to the Gowanus Canal in Brooklyn to mark the Irish holiday since 1962. See Article 3 item 14 within the text of the treaty. The river has been dyed a bright shade of green ahead of St. Patrick’s … [46] Marquette returned in 1674, camped a few days near the mouth of the river, then moved on to the Chicago River–Des Plaines River portage, where he stayed through the winter of 1674–75. From there the North Branch flows south towards Morton Grove. The river continues southwards past railroad yards and the St. Charles Air Line Bridge. [12][13] The source of the North Branch is in the northern suburbs of Chicago where its three principal tributaries converge. [42], The name Chicago derives from 17th century French rendering of a Native American term for ramps (Allium tricoccum), a type of edible wild leek, which grew abundantly near the river. Turning west again the river passes Marina City, the Reid, Murdoch & Co. Building, and Merchandise Mart, and 333 Wacker Drive. [88] However, the District maintains that it is not possible for the river to reverse due to low lake level alone. [37] Prior to 1983, this was where the US Coast Guard Rules of the Road, Great Lakes ended & Rules of the Road, Western Rivers began. Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette, though probably not the first Europeans to visit the area, are the first recorded to have visited the Chicago River in 1673, when they wrote of their discovery of the geographically vital Chicago Portage. In a year that already has been anything but normal, Chicago surprised residents with an unexpected return to tradition for St. Patrick's Day. [54], Between 1816 and 1828 soldiers from Fort Dearborn cut channels through the sandbar at the mouth of the river to allow yawls to bring supplies to the fort. The Fox Wars effectively closed the Chicago area to Europeans in the first part of the 18th century. [75] Between 2013 and 2016, the Chicago Park District opened four boat houses, two on the south branch and two on the north, for river recreation. (CHICAGO) — Chicago will tone down the city’s St. Patrick’s Day celebrations again this year due to the pandemic, but the 59-year tradition of dyeing the river green continues on. At McClurg Court it passes the Nicholas J Melas Centennial Fountain, which was built in 1989 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago; between May and October the fountain sends an arc of water over the river for ten minutes every hour. Scott Olson / Getty Images March 13, 2021, 9:50 PM UTC The program is managed by the non-profit conservation group Urban Rivers with assistance from the Shedd Aquarium. [72] Illinois has issued advisories regarding eating fish from the river due to PCB and mercury contamination, including a "do not eat" advisory for carp more than 12 inches long. On March 2, 1833 $25,000[n 2] was appropriated by Congress for harbor works, and work began in June of that year under the supervision of Major George Bender, the commandant at Fort Dearborn. [59], In 1848, the Illinois and Michigan canal linked the river to the Illinois River and the Mississippi Valley across the Chicago Portage. The river is also noteworthy for its natural and human-engineered history. [citation needed], Through the 1980s, the river was quite dirty and often filled with garbage; however, during the 1990s, it underwent extensive cleaning as part of an effort at beautification by Chicago Mayor Richard M. The Skokie River—or East Fork—rises from a flat area, historically a wetland, near Park City, Illinois to the west of the city of Waukegan. [55][57] In January 1834 James Allen took over the supervision of this work[58] and, aided by a February storm that breached the sandbar, on July 12, 1834 the harbor works had progressed enough to allow a 100-short-ton (91 t) schooner, the Illinois to sail up the river to Wolf Point and dock at the wharf of Newberry & Dole. At the time of the report, December 2012, Lake Michigan-Huron was 28 inches below its long-term average which is near the record lows of 1964. The river is represented on the Municipal Flag of Chicago by two horizontal blue stripes. [32] On the north bank of the river, near the Chicago Landmark Michigan Avenue Bridge, is Pioneer Court, which marks the site of the homestead of Jean Baptiste Point du Sable who is recognized as the founder of Chicago. The Chicago River is a system of rivers and canals with a combined length of 156 miles (251 km)[1] that runs through the city of Chicago, including its center (the Chicago Loop). [29] Acoustic velocity meters at the Columbus Drive Bridge and the T. J. O'Brien lock on the Calumet River monitor the diversion of water from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River basin, which is limited to an average of 3,200 cubic feet (91 m3) per second per year over the 40-year period from 1980 to 2020.[30]. The first bridge across the Chicago River was constructed over the North Branch near the present day Kinzie Street in 1832. Dyeing the river green has been a St. Patrick's Day tradition in the city since 1962. 'WAP' rapper makes a stink about Grammys performance. [64], Finally, in 1900, the Sanitary District of Chicago, then headed by William Boldenweck, completely reversed the flow of the main stem and South Branch of the river using a series of canal locks, increasing the river's flow from Lake Michigan and causing it to empty into the newly completed Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. On Saturday morning the river was dyed its iconic shade of shamrock green in honor of St. Patrick's Day. 80,904, This story has been shared 79,214 times. [11] Today, the main stem of the Chicago River flows west from Lake Michigan to Wolf Point, where it converges with the North Branch to form the South Branch, which flows southwest and empties into the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. March 14, 2021 | 5:11pm | Updated March 14, 2021 | 5:11pm. [69] The first moveable bridge was constructed across the main stem at Dearborn Street in 1834. [38] From there, the water flows down the canal through the southwest side of Chicago and southwestern suburbs and, in time, into the Des Plaines River between Crest Hill on the west and Lockport on the east, just north of the border between Crest Hill and Joliet, Illinois, eventually reaching the Gulf of Mexico. The tradition of dyeing the river green arose by accident when plumbers used fluorescein dye to trace sources of illegal pollution discharges. Do Not Sell My Personal Information, Your California Privacy Rights This story has been shared 250,381 times. Wells Drive, and Harrison Street bridges before leaving the downtown Loop community area. A bridge used to span the South Fork at this point that was too low for boats to pass meaning that their cargo needed to be unloaded at the bridge, and the neighborhood at its east end became known as Bridgeport. Do Not Sell My Personal Information. Sitemap [17] In recognition of the work of Ralph Frese in promoting canoeing on and conservation of Chicago-area rivers, the forest preserve district of Cook County, Illinois has designated a section of the East Fork and North Branch from Willow Road in Northfield to Dempster Street in Morton Grove the Ralph Frese River Trail. $25,000 in 1833 is roughly equivalent to $662,327.6 today. Several species of freshwater fish are known to inhabit the river, including largemouth and smallmouth bass, rock bass, crappie, bluegill, catfish, and carp. There are plans to build an outdoor exhibit at the site as well. In 1999, the system was named a "Civil Engineering Monument of the Millennium" by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).[6]. The source of the main stem of the Chicago River is Lake Michigan. Chicago officials dyed the river green Saturday morning, a long-held St. Patrick's Day tradition for the city, after denying any plans to do so earlier this week. [41] Flow on the main stem is measured at Columbus Drive; between 2000 and 2006 this averaged 136 cubic feet (3.9 m3) per second. At the basin the river is joined by a tributary, the South Fork of the river, which is commonly given the nickname Bubbly Creek. © 2021 NYP Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Biden celebrating St. Patrick’s Day by reiterating support for Good Friday Agreement, ‘Our prayers are with you,’ Cardinal Dolan tells Cuomo’s potential replacement, ‘Great day for the Irish’: St. Patrick’s Day Parade returns to NYC, CDC urges St. Patrick’s Day revelers to stay home this year, 'Serial stowaway' escapes facility, busted again at Chicago airport, Graphic details emerge from sexual-assault suit filed against star NFL QB, Trucks slams into patrol car in this messy highway crash, Meghan and Harry's chat with Gayle King a 'shocking breach of trust': expert. The Smith: In River North, The Smith is serving up St. Patrick’s Day specials and drinks. It provides a linear, lushly landscaped park intended to offer a peaceful escape from the busy Loop and a tourist attraction. "Illinois' Ice Age Legacy." At North Avenue, south of the North Avenue Bridge, the North Branch divides, the original course of the river makes a curve along the west side of Goose Island, whilst the North Branch Canal cuts off the bend, forming the island. The river-dyeing was not publicized to avoid crowds from congregating on its banks, a mayoral spokesman said. [18][19], The North Branch continues southwards through Niles, entering the city of Chicago near the intersection of Milwaukee Avenue and Devon Avenue,[20] from where it serves as the boundary of the Forest Glen community area with Norwood Park and Jefferson Park. Organizers of the Chicago tradition have claimed that the dye is vegetable-based and safe — although they have been notoriously mum on what exactly it is comprised of. [47] In 1823 a government expedition used the name Gary River (phonetic spelling of Guillory) to refer to the north branch of the Chicago River. Allen's work continued, and by October 1837 the still unfinished piers had been extended to 1,850 and 1,200 feet (560 and 370 m) respectively. [78] The parade committee has since switched to a mix involving forty pounds of powdered vegetable dye. Chicago Shoreline Project mitigated the damage of the storm event. Due to its small size and tight access stairway only 79 people are allowed inside the museum at any one time. A second bridge, over the South Branch near Randolph Street, was added in 1833. [52] In 1803, Fort Dearborn was constructed on the bank opposite what had been Point du Sable's settlement, on the site of the present-day Michigan Avenue Bridge. [14] It then flows southward, paralleling the edge of Lake Michigan, through wetlands, the Greenbelt Forest Preserve and a number of golf courses towards Highland Park, Illinois. The St Pat's events attract crowds estimated at up to 500,000 across the day, a huge turnout by anyone's standards. When it followed its natural course, the North and South Branches of the Chicago River converged at Wolf Point to form the main stem, which jogged southward from the present course of the river to avoid a baymouth bar, entering Lake Michigan at about the level of present-day Madison Street. The main stem flows 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west from the controlling works at Lake Michigan;[31] passing beneath the Outer Drive, Columbus Drive, Michigan Avenue, Wabash Avenue, State Street, Dearborn Street, Clark Street, La Salle Street, Wells Street, and Franklin Street bridges en route to its confluence with the North Branch at Wolf Point. The Chicago River has been dyed a bright shade of green, kicking off the city's St. Patrick's Day festivities. [53] Lieutenant James Strode Swearingen, who led the troops from Detroit to Chicago to establish the fort, described the river as being about 30 yards (27 m) wide and upwards of 18 feet (5.5 m) deep at the place where the fort was intended to be built; the riverbanks were 8 feet (2.4 m) high on the south side and 6 feet (1.8 m) on the north. [63] In 1871, the old canal was deepened in an attempt to completely reverse the river's flow but the reversal of the river only lasted one season. [21] In River Park the river meets the North Shore Channel, a drainage canal built between 1907 and 1910 to increase the flow of the North Branch and help flush pollution into the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal.
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